**** COMMODORE 64 BASIC V2 ****

 64 RAM SYSTEM  38911 BASIC BYTES FREE

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LOADING
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'64K BITES'? '64K BITES'?! I WISSH IT HA
D HAD 64K BYTES. THE SYSTEM SEQUSTERED A
 WHOLE 4K OF THOSE BITES. THE D

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AY I FOOND OUT I WAS ABSOLUTLY WH

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0R3D. YOO HEARRD ME: WHORED. IMAJINE THA
T; AN ENTIRE 16TH OF THE AVAILABLE RAM R
IPPED FROM MY COLD DEAD FINGERS. CHR1ST,
 IF THEEY TRIED THAT SHIT TODAY THEYD BE
 MAULED, MAN! FU

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CKING MAULED!! AHHHH, THIS BRNGS BAK MEM0
ORIES!!!!!!11!!!!!!

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11!!!111!!!!!!!1!!!!

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!!!!!!!!!11!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!1!!!!!!!1!!!!!
!1111111111111!!!!!!!!!!!1111111111!!!!1
11111!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!

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!!!!1111!1

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RUN

LET'S SEE IF WE CAN'T PULL THESE THREADS
 INTO A LUCID WEAVE, SHALL WE? THE BIOS 
AND WHAT-HAVE-YOU SIT OUTSIDE THE 64K OF
 RAM, LAUGHING MERRILY AND FENCING OFF 4
K FOR THEIR PLEASURES. UPON IGNITION, 20
K OF RAM ADDRESSES ARE REMAPPED TO THE 2
0K OF ROM, EFFECTIVELY LOADING THE BASIC
 INTERPRETER CONTAINED THEREIN INTO MAIN 
MEMORY (A SOLUTION NOT WITHOUT ELEGANCE)
. THE INTERPRETER IS SUBSEQUENTLY EXECUT
ED, CLAIMING 2K OF 'REAL' RAM FOR ITS OW
N AND LEAVING A WHISKER SHY OF 38K=38912
B TO THE USER. MORE THAN AMPLE. LOADING 
A FILE INTO MEMORY VIA THE SUFFIX ',1' I
NDICATES THAT IT CONSISTS OF 6502 MACHIN
E CODE; THE INTERPRETER IS THEN UNNECESS
ARY AND THE RELEVANT RAM ADDRESSES ARE M
APPED BACK TO 'REAL' RAM AND THE PROGRAM
 EXECUTED. SAID PROGRAM HAS A 60K SANDPI
T TO PLAY AROUND IN AND MAY, OF COURSE, 
BE ANOTHER INTERPRETER OR COMPILER (SUCH 
AS COMMODORE'S ASSEMBLER 64 FOR THE 6500
 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE). 'COURSE, I'M JUST M
AKING THIS UP AS I GO ALONG, SO THIS IS 
ONE OF THOSE RARE CASES WHEN WHAT ISSUES
 FORTH FROM MY MOUTH CONSISTS OF NAUGHT 
BUT OPTION, NOT FACT.
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*** OKAY, UPDATE *** I HAVE CONFIRMED TH
IS. UP TO 8 ROMS COULD BE BANKED IN AT A
NY ONE TIME, WITH THE KERNEL BEING NUMBE
R 0 AND THE BASIC ROM BEING NUMBER 3. CL
EVER PROGRAMMING AND THE BANKING IN AND 
OUT OF ROMS TO ACCESS THE RAM UNDERNEATH
 ENABLED THE ILLUSIVE USE OF 'MORE' THAN
 THE APPARENT MAXIMUM OF 60K. AS IT HAPP
ENS, PART OF COMMODORE BASIC V3.5 COULD 
BE COPIED INTO THE RAM TO ALLOW THE ROM 
TO BE BANKED IN AND OUT; THIS WAS NOT PO
SSIBLE WITH V2. PHEW. COMPARE THESE FEAT
S WITH THE USE OF RASTER INTERRUPTS. ANO
THER FUN FACT: PERIPHERALS COULD BE 'INT
ELLIGENT' (IE THEY COULD CONTAIN THEIR O
WN PROCESSORS AND MEMORY). WOW! WHEN PUT 
 IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT. HMMMM. I DO EVER
YONE A GREAT DISHONOUR BY SPEAKING IN TH
E PAST TENSE....

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